The group looked at Wade¹ Ruggles in breathless amazement². He had invited them to the bar to join in celebrating his release from thralldom; all had filled their glasses and he had raised his own to his lips, though several noticed that there was only a small amount of liquid in the tumbler. Then, when every glass was upraised and there was a general gurgling, he had turned his glass upside down and spilled every drop on the floor.  
Before anyone could think of suitable terms in which to express his emotions, Wade said, with a smile that rather added than detracted from his seriousness:
 
“Pards, never again does a drop of that stuff go down my throat! I’ve suffered hell, but I’ve come out of the flames, and the one that fetched me through is the little gal³ which lays asleep in the next room.”
 
He did not attempt to deliver a temperance lecture to his friends, nor did they trifle with him. They questioned him closely as to how he had reached this extraordinary decision, and he gave a vivid and truthful⁴ account of his experience. It made several of the 67 men thoughtful, but most of them felt dubious⁵ about his persistence⁶ in the new path he had laid out for himself.
 
“You know, boys, whether I’ve got a will of my own,” he quietly replied; “just wait and see how this thing comes out.”
 
It was noticed that Parson Brush was the most interested inquirer, and, though he had comparatively little to say, he left the Bower⁷ unusually early. He had begun his system of instruction with Nellie Dawson, and reported that she was making remarkably⁸ good progress. Had the contrary been the fact, it may be doubted whether it would have been safe for him to proclaim it.
 
And now the scene changes. It is the close of a radiant summer day in the Sierras. Far down in the cañon-like chasm⁹ between the mountainous spurs, nestled the little mining settlement, which had been christened but a short time before, New Constantinople. Here and there tiny wounds had been gouged¹⁰ into the ribs¹¹ of the mountain walls, and the miners were pecking away with pick and shovel¹², deepening the hurts in their quest for the yellow atoms or dark ore which had been the means of bringing every man thousands of miles to the spot.
 
Far up toward the clouds were the towering, craggy peaks, with many a rent and yawn and table-land and lesser¹³ elevation¹⁴, until, as if to check the climbing ambition 68 of the prodigious¹⁵ monster, nature had flung an immense blanket of snow, whose ragged¹⁶ and torn edges lapped far down the sides of the crests¹⁷. Ages ago the chilling blanket was tucked around the mountain tops, there to remain through the long stretch of centuries to follow.
 
Down the valley, at the bottom of the winding¹⁸ cañon, the air palpitated with the fervor¹⁹ of the torrid zone. He who attempted to plod²⁰ forward panted and perspired²¹, but a little way up the mountain side, the cool breath crept downward from the regions of perpetual ice and snow, through the balsamic pines and cedars²², with a revivifying power that was grateful to all who felt its life-giving embrace.
 
The sun hovered²³ in a sky of unclouded azure²⁴. It shot its arrows into the gullies, ravines and gorges²⁶, but made no impression on the frozen covering far up in cloudland itself. Long pointed²⁷ ravelings on the lower edge of the mantle²⁸ showed where some of the snow had turned to water, which changed again to ice, when the sun dipped below the horizon.
 
The miners were pigmies as they toiled²⁹ in the sides of the towering mountain walls, where they had toiled for many a day. On the lip of a projecting crag, half a mile above were three other pigmies, who neither toiled nor spun³⁰. Viewed through a glass, it was seen that they wore stained feathers in their black hair 69 dangling³¹ about their shoulders, with the blankets wrapped round their forms descending³² to their moccasined feet. They were watching in grim silence these proofs of the invasion of their homes by the children of another race, and mayhap were conjuring³³ some scheme for driving them back into the great sea across which they had sailed to occupy the new land.
 
One of the Indians was a chieftain. He had come in violent contact with these hated creatures and he bore on his person the scars of such meeting. All carried bows and arrows, though others of their tribe had learned the use of the deadly firearms, which has played such havoc³⁴ with the American race.
 
Suddenly the chief uttered an exclamation³⁵. Then drawing an arrow from the quiver over his shoulder, he fitted it to the string of his long bow, and pointing downward toward the group of miners, launched the shaft³⁶. Except for the power of gravity, it would have been a foolhardy effort, but guided by the wisp of feather twisted around the reed, the missile spun far outward over the cañon, and dived through the vast reach of space, as if it were endowed with life and determined³⁷ to seek out and pierce the intruders. The black eyes of the three warriors³⁸ followed the arrow until it was only a flickering³⁹ speck⁴⁰, far below them; but, before that moment arrived, they saw that it was speeding wide of the mark. When at last, 70 the sharp point struck the flinty rock, and the missile doubled over upon itself and dropped harmlessly to the bottom of the cañon, it was at such a distance from the miners, that they knew nothing of it. They never looked up, nor were they aware of the futile⁴¹ anger of the red men, who seeing how useless was everything of that nature, turned about and soon passed from view.
 
The incident was typical of the futility⁴² of the red man struggling against his inevitable⁴³ doom⁴⁴ at the hands of his white brother.
 
Half way between the bottom of the cañon and the lower fringe of the vast mantle of snow, a waterfall tumbled over the edge of a rock, and with many a twist and eddy⁴⁵ found its way to the small stream, which rippled⁴⁶ along the bottom of the gorge²⁵, until its winding course carried it beyond sight. Now and then a rift⁴⁷ of wind blew aside some of the foam⁴⁸, like a wisp of snow, and brought the murmur⁴⁹ more clearly to the ear of the listener, shutting out for the time, the faint hollow roar that was wafted⁵⁰ from the region of pines and cedars. It was a picture of lonely grandeur⁵¹ and desolation, made all the more impressive by the tiny bits of life, showing in the few spots along the mountain wall.
 
At the rear of the row of cabins, and elevated perhaps fifty feet above, was the comparatively smooth face of a rock, several square rods in extent. At the base was abundant footing for two persons, Parson Brush and Nellie Dawson. The teacher had marked on the dark face of the rock with a species of chalk, all the letters large and small of the alphabet. They were well drawn⁵², for the parson, like others in the settlement, was a man of education, though his many years of roughing it had greatly rusted⁵³ his book knowledge.
 
Standing⁵⁴ to one side of his artistic⁵⁵ work, like a teacher of the olden time, the parson, with a long, trimmed branch in his hand, pointed at the different letters in turn and patiently waited for his little pupil to pronounce their names.
 
It never would have done to make the child keep her feet like an ordinary mortal. With great labor⁵⁶, three of the miners had carried a stone of considerable size to the spot, which served her as a seat, while receiving instruction. It is true that she never sat still for more than three minutes at a time, but that was enough to establish the indispensable necessity of a chair.
 
“You are doing very well, my dear,” said the parson, encouragingly; “you have received only a few lessons, but have mastered the alphabet. I notice that the ‘d’s’ and ‘b’s’ and ‘h’s’ and ‘q’s’ puzzle you a little now and then, but you have got them straight, and it is now time that we took a lesson in spelling.”
 
“Oh, I can’t do that, Mr. Brush,” protested the 72 queen, rising from the chair, adjusting her skirts and sitting down again; “I never can spell.”
 
“What is it to spell?”
 
“I don’t know; what is it?”
 
“I can best answer your question by showing you. Have you ever seen a cat?”
 
“Do you mean a pussy⁵⁷?”
 
“Yes; some folks call it that.”
 
“Oh, yes; when we came from where we used to live,––I guess it must have been three or four hundred years ago, we brought my pussy along. Her name was Nellie, the same as mine.”
 
“What became of her?”
 
“She died,” was the sorrowful reply; “I guess she was homesick.”
 
“That was too bad. Now will you tell me what letter that is?”
 
“Why, Mr. Brush, don’t you know?”
 
“Yes, but I wish to find out whether you know.”
 
“It is C; anybody knows that.”
 
“And this one?”
 
“A.”
 
“That is right; now this one?”
 
“T; I hope you will remember, Mr. Brush, because I don’t like to tell you so often.”
 
The teacher continued to drill her, skipping about and pointing at the letters so rapidly in turn that he 73 was kept bowing and straightening up like a jumping-jack. Then, allowing her to rest, he pronounced the letters in their regular order, giving them the sounds proper to the word itself. Nellie, who was watching closely and listening, suddenly exclaimed with glowing face:
 
“Why, that’s ‘cat’!”
 
“Of course; now can you say the letters without looking at them?”
 
After one or two trials she did it successfully.
 
“There! you have learned to spell ‘cat.’ You see how easy it is.”
 
“Does that spell ‘pussy’ too?”
 
“No,––only ‘cat.’ After a time you will be able to spell big words.”
 
“Let me try something else, Mr. Brush.”
 
The next word tackled was ‘dog,’ which was soon mastered. When this was accomplished⁵⁸, the teacher paused for a moment. He was trying to think of another word of three letters, but oddly enough could not readily do so.
 
“Ah,” he exclaimed, “here is another. Now give me the name of that letter,”
 
“D.”
 
“And that?”
 
“A.”
 
“And that?”
 
“M.”
 
“Now say them quickly, ‘d-a-m;’ what is the word?”
 
“Why, it’s ‘dam’; O, Mr. Brush, I heard you say that is a bad word.”
 
The teacher was thunderstruck and stammered⁵⁹:
 
“I didn’t think of that, but there are two kinds of ‘dam’ and this one is not a bad word. It means a bank of earth or stones or wood, that is put up to stop the flow of water.”