Shortly after we arrived at the village, they took away our watches, our pocket-knives, and everything that we possessed¹ of a similar nature, and which they considered as curiosities. The chief wore Orthis’ wristwatch above one fore-paw and mine above the other, but as he did not know how to wind them, nor the purpose for which they were intended, they did him or us no good. The result was, however, that it was now entirely² impossible for us to measure time in any way, and I do not know, even to this day, how long we were in this strange village. We ate when we were hungry, and slept when we were tired. It was always daylight; and it seemed that there were always raiding parties going out or returning, so that flesh was plentiful³, and we became rather reconciled to our fate, in so far as the immediate⁴ danger of being eaten was concerned, but why they kept us alive, as we had slain⁵ so many of their fellows, I could not understand.  
It must have been immediately after we arrived that they made an attempt to teach us their language. Two females were detailed⁶ for this duty. We were given unlimited⁷ freedom within certain bounds, which were well indicated by the several sentries⁸ which constantly watched from the summit of hills surrounding the village. Past these we could not go, nor do I know that we had any particular desire to do so, since we realized only too well that there would be little chance of our regaining⁹ the ship should we escape the village, inasmuch as we had not the remotest idea in what direction it lay.
 
Our one hope lay in learning their language, and then utilizing¹⁰ our knowledge in acquiring some definite information as to the surrounding country and the location of The Barsoom.
 
It did not seem to take us very long to learn their tongue, though, of course, I realize that it may really have been months. Almost before we knew it, we were conversing¹¹ freely with our captors. When I say freely, it is possible that I exaggerate a trifle, for though we could understand them fairly well, it was with difficulty that we made ourselves understood, yet we managed it some way, handicapped as we were by the peculiarities¹² of the most remarkable¹³ language of which I have any knowledge.
 
It is a very difficult language to speak, and as a written language, would be practically impossible. For example, there is their word gu-e-ho, for which Orthis and I discovered twenty-seven separate and distinct meanings, and that there are others I have little or no doubt. Their speech is more aptly described as song, the meaning of each syllable¹⁴ being governed by the note in which it is sung. They speak in five notes, which we may describe as A, B, C, D and E. Gu sung in A means something radically¹⁵ different from gu sung in E, and again if gu is sung in A, followed by e in G, it means something other than if gu had been sung in D followed by e in A.
 
Fortunately for us, there are no words of over three syllables¹⁶, and most of them consist of only one or two, or we should have been entirely lost. The resulting speech, however, is extremely beautiful, and Orthis used to say that if he closed his eyes, he could imagine himself living constantly in grand opera.
 
The chief’s name, as we learned, was Ga-va-go; the name of the tribe or village was No-vans, while the race to which they belonged was known as Va-gas.
 
When I felt that I had mastered the language sufficiently¹⁷ well to make myself at least partially¹⁸ understood, I asked to speak to Ga-va-go, and shortly thereafter, I was taken to him.
 
“You have learned our speech?” he asked.
 
I nodded in the affirmative. “I have,” I said, “and I have come to ask why we are held captives and what you intend to do with us. We did not come to seek a quarrel with you. We wish only to be friends, and to be allowed to go our way in peace.”
 
“What manner of creature are you,” he asked, “and where do you come from?”
 
I asked him if he had ever heard of the Sun or the stars or the other planets or any worlds outside his own, and he replied that he had not, and that there were no such things.
 
“But there are, Ga-va-go,” I said, “and I and my companion are from another world, far, far outside your own. An accident brought us here. Give us back our weapons, and let us go.”
 
He shook his head negatively.
 
“Where you come from, do you eat one another?” he asked.
 
“No,” I replied, “we do not.”
 
“Why?” he asked, and I saw his eyes narrow as he awaited my reply.
 
Was it mental telepathy or just luck that put the right answer in my mouth, for somehow, intuitively, I seemed to grasp what was in the creature’s mind.
 
“Our flesh is poison,” I said, “those who eat it die.”
 
He looked at me then for a long time, with an expression upon his face which I could not interpret. It may have been that he doubted my word, or again, it may have been that my reply confirmed his suspicion, I do not know; but presently he asked me another question.
 
“Are there many like you in the land where you live?”
 
“Millions upon millions,” I replied.
 
“And what do they eat?”
 
“They eat fruits and vegetables and the flesh of animals,” I answered.
 
“What animals?” he asked.
 
“I have seen no animals here like them,” I replied, “but there are many kinds unlike us, so that we do not have to eat flesh of our own race.”
 
“Then you have all the flesh that you want?”
 
“All that we can eat,” I replied. “We raise these animals for their flesh.”
 
“Where is your country?” he demanded. “Take me to it.”
 
I smiled. “I cannot take you to it,” I said. “It is upon another world.”
 
It was quite evident that he did not believe me, for he scowled¹⁹ at me ferociously²⁰.
 
“Do you wish to die?” he demanded.
 
I told him that I had no such longing²².
 
“Then you will lead me to your country,” he said, “where there is plenty of flesh for everyone. You may think about it until I send for you again. Go!” And thus he dismissed me. Then he sent for Orthis, but what Orthis told him, I never knew exactly, for he would not tell me, and as our relations, even in our captivity²³, were far from friendly, I did not urge him to any confidences. I had occasion to notice, however, that from that time Ga-va-go indicated a marked preference for Orthis, and the latter was often called to his hut.
 
I was momentarily expecting to be summoned in to Ga-va-go’s presence, and learn my fate, when he discovered that I could not lead him to my country, where flesh was so plentiful. But at about this time we broke camp, and in the press of other matters, he evidently neglected to take any further immediate action in my case, or at least, so I thought, until I later had reason to suspect that he felt that he need no longer depend upon me to lead him to this land of milk and honey.
 
The Va-gas are a nomadic²⁴ race, moving hither and thither²⁵, either as they are pressed by some foes²⁶, or till their victories have frightened away the other tribes from their vicinity, in either of which events, they march in search of fresh territory. The move that we made now was necessitated²⁷ by the fact that all the other tribes nearby had fled before the ferocity of the No-vans, whose repeated and successful raids had depleted²⁸ the villages of their neighbors and filled them with terror.
 
The breaking of camp was a wonderfully simple operation. All their few belongings²⁹, consisting of extra clothing, trappings, weapons, and their treasured skulls³⁰ and bones of victims, were strapped³¹ to the backs of the women. Orthis and I each bestrode a warrior³² detailed by Ga-va-go for the purpose of transporting us, and we filed out of the village, leaving the huts behind.
 
Ga-va-go, with a half-dozen warriors³³, galloped³⁴ far ahead. Then came a strong detachment of warriors, with the women folks behind them, another detachment of warriors following in the rear of the women and children, while others rode upon either flank. A mile or so in the rear, came three warriors, and there were two or three scattered³⁶ far out on either flank. Thus we moved, thoroughly³⁷ protected against surprise, regulating our speed by that of the point with which Ga-va-go traveled.
 
Because of the women and the children, we moved more slowly than warriors do when on the march alone, when they seldom, if ever, travel slower than a trot³⁸, and more generally, at a fast gallop³⁵. We moved along a well-worn trail, passing several deserted³⁹ villages, from which the prey⁴⁰ of the No-vans had fled. We crossed many rivers, for the lunar world is well watered. We skirted several lakes, and at one point of high ground, I saw, far at our left, the waters of what appeared to be a great ocean.
 
There was never a time when Orthis and I were not plentifully⁴¹ supplied with food, for there is an abundance of it growing throughout all the territory we crossed, but the No-vans had been without flesh for several days and were, in consequence, mad with hunger, as the fruits and vegetables which they ate seemed not to satisfy them at all.
 
We were moving along at a brisk trot when, without warning, we were struck by a sudden gust⁴² of wind that swept, cold and refreshing⁴³, down from some icy mountain fastness. The effect upon the No-vans was electrical. I would not have had to understand their language to realize that they were terrified. They looked apprehensively⁴⁴ about and increased their speed as though endeavoring to overtake Ga-va-go, who was now far ahead with the point. A moment later a dash of rain struck us, and then it was every man for himself and the devil take the hindmost, as they broke into a wild stampede to place themselves close to their chief. Their hysterical⁴⁵ flight was like the terrorized rush of wild cattle. They jostled and tripped one another, and stumbled and fell and were trampled⁴⁶ upon, in their haste to escape.
 
Old Ga-va-go had stopped with his point, and was waiting for us. Those who accompanied him seemed equally terrified with the rest, but evidently they did not dare run until Ga-va-go gave the word. I think, however, that they all felt safer when they were close to him, for they had a great deal of confidence in him, yet they were still pretty badly frightened, and it would not have taken much to have set them off again into another rout⁴⁷. Ga-va-go waited until the last of the rearguard straggled in, and then he set off directly toward the mountains, the entire tribe moving in a compact mass, though they might have fallen easy prey to an ambush⁴⁸ or any sudden attack. They knew, however, what I half guessed, that knowing that their enemies were as terrified of the storm as they, there was little danger of their being attacked—none whatever, in fact.
 
We came at last to a hillside covered with great trees which offered some protection from both the wind and the rain, which had now arisen to the proportion of a hurricane.
 
As we came to a halt, I slipped from the back of the warrior who had been carrying me, and found myself beside one of the women who had taught Orthis and me the language of the Va-gas.
 
“Why is everyone so terrified?” I asked her.
 
“It is Zo-al,” she whispered, fearfully. “He is angry.”
 
“Who is Zo-al?” I asked.
 
She looked at me in wide-eyed astonishment⁴⁹. “Who is Zo-al!” she repeated. “They told me that you said that you came from another world, and I can well believe it, when you ask, who is Zo-al?”
 
“Well, who is he?” I insisted.
 
“He is a great beast,” she whispered. “He is everywhere. He lives in all the great holes in the ground, and when he is angry, he comes forth⁵⁰ and makes the water fall and the air run away. We know that there is no water up there,” and she pointed⁵¹ toward the sky. “But when Zo-al is angry, he makes water fall from where there is no water, so mighty⁵² is Zo-al, and he makes the air to run away so that the trees fall before it as it rushes past, and huts are knocked flat or carried high above the ground. And then, O terror of terrors, he makes a great noise, before which mighty warriors fall upon the ground and cover up their ears. We have angered Zo-al, and he is punishing us, and I do not dare to ask him not to send the big noise.”
 
It was at that instant that there broke upon my ears the most terrific detonation⁵³ that I have ever heard. So terrific was it that I thought my ear drums had burst, and simultaneously⁵⁴, a great ball of fire seemed to come rolling down from the mountain heights above us.
 
The woman, covering her ears, shuddered⁵⁵, and when she saw the ball of fire, she voiced a piercing shriek⁵⁶.
 
“The light that devours⁵⁷!” she cried. “When that comes too, it is the end, for then is Zo-al mad with rage.”
 
The ground shook to the terrifying noise, and though the ball of fire did not pass close to us, still could I feel the heat of it even as it went by at a distance, leaving a trail of blackened and smoking vegetation in its rear. What flames there were, the torrential rain extinguished almost immediately. It must have traveled about ten miles, down toward the sea, across rolling hills and level valleys, when suddenly it burst, the explosion being followed by a report infinitely⁵⁸ louder than that which I had first heard. An earthquake could scarce have agitated⁵⁹ the ground more terrifyingly than did this peal⁶⁰ of lunar thunder.
 
I had witnessed my first lunar electrical storm, and I did not wonder that the inhabitants of this strange world were terrified by it. They attribute these storms, as they do all their troubles, to Zo-al, a great beast, which is supposed to dwell in the depth of the lunar craters⁶¹, the lower ends of which open into the interior lunar world. As we cowered⁶² there among the trees, I wondered if they were not afraid that the wind would blow the forest down and crush them, and I asked the woman who stood beside me.
 
“Yes,” she said, “that often happens, but more often does it happen that if one is caught in a clearing, the air that runs away picks him up and carries him along to drop him from a great height upon the hard ground. The trees bend before they break, and those who watch are warned, and they escape destruction if they are quick. When the wind that runs seizes one, there is no escape.”
 
“It seems to me,” I said, “that it would have been safer if Ga-va-go had led us into one of those sheltered ravines,” and I indicated a gorge⁶³ in the hillside at our right.
 
“No,” she said, “Ga-va-go is wise. He led us to the safest spot. We are sheltered from the air that runs away, and perhaps a little from the light that devours, nor can the waters that drown, reach us here, for presently they will fill that ravine full.”
 
Nor was she wrong. Rushing down from the hillside, the water poured in torrents⁶⁴ into the ravine, and presently, though it must have been twenty or thirty feet deep, it was filled almost to overflowing⁶⁵. Whoever had sought refuge there, would have been drowned and washed away to the big ocean far below. It was evident that Ga-va-go had not been actuated solely⁶⁶ by blind terror, though I came to know that he must have felt terror, for these terrible electrical storms alone can engender⁶⁷ it in the breasts of these fearless and ferocious²¹ people.
 
The storm must have lasted for a considerable time; how long, of course, I do not know, but some idea of its duration may be gained by the fact that I became hungry and ate of the fruit of the trees, which sheltered us, at least six times, and slept twice. We were soaked to the skin and very cold, for the rain evidently came from a great altitude. During the entire storm, the No-vans scarcely moved from their positions beneath the trees, with their backs toward the storm, where they stood with lowered heads like cattle. We experienced twelve detonations⁶⁸ of the ground-shaking thunder, and witnessed six manifestations⁶⁹ of the light that devours. Trees had fallen all about us, and as far as we could see, the grasses lay flat and matted upon the ground. They told me that storms of the severity of this were infrequent, though rain and wind, accompanied by electrical manifestations, might be expected at any season of the year—I use that expression from habit, for one can scarcely say that there are any well-marked seasonal⁷⁰ changes within the Moon that could indicate corresponding divisions of time as upon the Earth. From what I was able to gather from observation and from questioning the Va-gas, lunar vegetation reproduces itself entirely independent of any seasonal restrictions⁷¹, the frequency and temperature of the rains having, seemingly, the greatest influence in the matter. A period of drought and cold rains retards⁷² growth and germination⁷³, while frequent warm rains have an opposite effect, the result being that you find vegetation of the same variety in all stages of development, growing side by side—blossoms upon one tree, fruit upon another, and the dry seed-pods upon a third. Not even, therefore, by the growth of plant life, might one measure time within the Moon, and the period of gestation⁷⁴ among the Va-gas is similarly irregular, being affected⁷⁵ by the physical condition of the female as well as by climatic conditions, I imagine. When the tribe is well-fed, and the weather warm, the warriors victorious⁷⁶, and the minds of the women at peace, they bring forth their young in an incredibly short period. On the other hand, a period of cold, or of hunger, and of long marches, following defeat, induces an opposite result. It seems to me that the females nurse their young for a very short period of time, for they grow rapidly, and as soon as their molars are through, and they can commence eating meat, they are weaned. They are devilish little rascals⁷⁷, their youthful exuberance⁷⁸ finding its outlet⁷⁹ in acts of fiendish cruelty. As they are not strong enough to inflict⁸⁰ their tortures on adults they perpetrate them upon one another, with the result that the weaker are often killed, after they are weaned and have left the protection of their savage⁸¹ mothers. Of course, they tried to play some of their fiendish tricks on Orthis and myself, but after we had knocked a few of them down, they left us severely⁸² alone.
 
During the storm, they huddled⁸³, shivering and cold, against the adults. Possibly I should be ashamed to say it, but I felt no pity for them, and rather prayed that they would all be chilled to death, so hateful and wantonly cruel were they. As they become adults, they are less wanton in their atrocities⁸⁴, though no less cruel, their energies, however, being intelligently directed upon the two vital interests of their lives—procuring flesh and women.
 
Shortly after the rain ceased, the wind began to abate⁸⁵, and as I was cold, cramped⁸⁶ and uncomfortable, I walked out into the open, in search of exercise that would stimulate⁸⁷ my circulation and warm me again. As I walked briskly to and fro, looking here and there at the evidences of the recent storm, my glance chanced to rise toward the sky, and there I saw what appeared at first to be a huge bird, a few hundred feet above the forest in which we had sought shelter. It was flapping its great wings weakly and seemed to be almost upon the verge⁸⁸ of exhaustion⁸⁹, and though I could see that it was attempting to fly back in the direction of the mountains, the force of the wind was steadily⁹⁰ carrying it in the direction of the lowlands and the sea. Presently it would be directly above me, and as it drew nearer, I knit my brows in puzzlement, for except for its wings, and what appeared to be a large hump upon its back, its form bore a striking resemblance to that of a human being.
 
Some of the No-vans evidently saw me looking upwards⁹¹ thus interestedly, and prompted by curiosity, joined me. When they saw the creature flying weakly overhead, they set up a great noise, until presently all the tribe had run into the open and were looking up at the thing above us.
 
The wind was lessening⁹² rapidly, but it still was strong enough to carry the creature gently toward us, and at the same time I perceived that whatever it was, it was falling slowly to the ground, or more correctly, sinking slowly.
 
“What is it?” I asked of the warrior standing⁹³ beside me.
 
“It is a U-ga,” he replied. “Now shall we eat.”
 
I had seen no birds in the lunar world, and as I knew they would not eat the flying reptiles⁹⁴, I guessed that this must be some species of bird life, but as it dropped closer, I became more and more convinced that it was a winged human being, or at least a winged creature with human form.
 
As it fluttered toward the ground, the No-vans ran along to meet it, waiting for it to fall within reach. As they did so, Ga-va-go called to them to bring the creature to him alive and unharmed.
 
I was about a hundred yards from the spot, when the poor thing finally fell into their clutches. They dragged it to the ground roughly, and a moment later I was horrified⁹⁵ to see them tear its wings from it and the hump from its back. There was a great deal of grumbling⁹⁶ at Ga-va-go’s order, as following the storm and their long fast, the tribe was ravenously⁹⁷ hungry.
 
“Flesh, flesh!” they growled⁹⁸. “We are hungry. Give us flesh!” But Ga-va-go paid no attention to them, standing to one side beneath a tree, awaiting the prisoner that they were bringing toward him.